Mustn't or don't have to?

Choose the best modal for each situation: mustn't or don't have to.

1. You ___ smoke here.
2. You ___ bring lunch; we provide it.
3. Patients ___ use their phones during the scan.
4. You ___ pay for this medicine; it is free.
5. You ___ touch the medical equipment.
6. You ___ make an appointment for the walk-in clinic.
7. Visitors ___ enter this room without a mask.
8. You ___ stay overnight after this simple check-up.

At the clinic

Modal map

Put Maya's visit in order

Arrange the events from first to last.

Compare the strength of the advice

Arrange these from the weakest advice to the strongest warning.

Choose the best modal

1. At the hospital, you [___] show your ID before your appointment.
2. You have a mild headache. You [___] drink some water and rest.
3. You feel very dizzy after taking new medicine. You [___] contact a doctor immediately.

Complete the health advice

1. You [___] take antibiotics without a doctor's prescription. It is prohibited.
2. For a simple cold, you [___] stay in bed all day; gentle rest is enough.
3. If your fever is very high, you [___] see a doctor today.

Five things you should do to stay healthy

Staying healthy does not have to be complicated. First, you should eat regular meals with fruit, vegetables, and protein. You do not have to buy expensive “healthy” products. Second, you should drink water throughout the day, especially in hot weather. Third, you must wash your hands before eating and after using public transport to reduce the spread of germs. Fourth, you should move your body every day. A short walk, stretching, or cycling can improve your mood and energy. Finally, you had better rest when you feel ill. You needn't go to work or school with a fever, and you mustn't share towels or drinking glasses when you have an infection. If symptoms become serious or continue for several days, you must contact a doctor for treatment.

Discuss the article

1. What kinds of food does the article recommend eating regularly?
2. When must people wash their hands?
3. What needn't people with a fever do?
4. When must a person contact a doctor?

Difficult words

• protein — a nutrient that helps the body grow and repair itself
• public transport — buses, trains, trams, and similar shared travel
• spread of germs — the movement of bacteria or viruses from one person to another
• stretching — gentle movements that make muscles longer and more flexible
• infection — an illness caused by harmful bacteria or viruses
• symptoms — signs that show you may be ill
• treatment — medical care that helps you get better

Look, describe, advise

Hospital waiting room: Describe what you can see. Give three rules or pieces of advice.

• You must ...
• You mustn't ...
• You should ...

Pharmacy: Describe what you can see. Give three rules or pieces of advice.

• You had better ...
• You should ...
• You must ...

At the doctor's surgery

Situation

You have had a sore throat and dizziness for three days. You also feel tired.

First role: You are the patient

1. Describe two or three symptoms.
2. Say how long you have felt ill.
3. Explain what makes you feel better or worse.
4. Answer the doctor’s questions.

Useful language:

• I have had a ... for ...
• I feel dizzy when ...
• My throat is sore.
• I have a cough / a fever / a headache.
• It gets worse when ...
• Rest helps, but ...

Second role: You are the doctor

Ask about symptoms, then give clear advice.

• You should ...
• You must ...
• You needn't ...
• You had better ...
• You mustn't ...
• You need to ...

A supportive message

Your friend is always tired. Write a supportive message of 60–120 words.

Include:

• one sentence with must
• one sentence with should
• one sentence with had better
• one sentence with don't have to
• at least two ideas about sleep, food, water, exercise, stress, or visiting a doctor

Plan

Problem → possible reasons → advice → warning → supportive ending

Useful phrases:

• I’m sorry you have been feeling tired.
• You should try to ...
• You must make time for ...
• You had better speak to a doctor if ...
• You don't have to change everything at once.
• Take care of yourself.

Check your message:

Key health-language points

Check your understanding

For next time

Choose one task:

1. Write a 100-word Healthy Week plan using five different target modals.
2. Prepare a one-minute doctor–patient voice message using at least four target modals.