EnglishCausative or regular passive?
Say causative or regular passive. Then explain: Who did the action?
- I had my car washed.
- My car was washed yesterday.
- The mayor had the old bridge repaired.
- The old bridge was repaired in 2018.
- We got the town hall renovated.
- The town hall was renovated after the fire.
- She had her portrait painted for the museum.
- Her portrait was painted by a local artist.
Pattern | Meaning |
|---|---|
have/get + object + past participle | Arrange for a service: The mayor had the bridge repaired. |
be + past participle | Focus on the result: The bridge was repaired. |
Reporting historical change
Use these forms when the speaker does not name the source directly.
Active report | Reporting form |
|---|---|
People say that the reform changed city life. | The reform is said to have changed city life. |
Experts believe that the factory caused pollution. | The factory is believed to have caused pollution. |
Newspapers report that public transport has improved. | Public transport is reported to have improved. |
People report that the new law is unpopular. | It is reported that the new law is unpopular. |
Connect each report with its equivalent form
Connect each active report with the equivalent reporting sentence
- People say that the reform changed life in the city.
- The reform is said to have changed life in the city.
- Experts believe that the factory caused pollution.
- The factory is believed to have caused pollution.
- Newspapers report that the monument was damaged.
- The monument is reported to have been damaged.
Follow the time in each report
Connect each report with the equivalent reporting sentence
- People think that the campaign is successful.
- The campaign is thought to be successful.
- They say that public transport has improved.
- Public transport is said to have improved.
- Historians believe that the protest changed public opinion.
- The protest is believed to have changed public opinion.
Notice present, past, and future meaning
Connect each active report with the equivalent reporting sentence
- People reported that the mayor opened the museum.
- The mayor was reported to have opened the museum.
- They say that the law was unpopular.
- The law is said to have been unpopular.
- Experts think that the changes will help workers.
- The changes are thought to help workers.
Arrange a service
Complete each sentence with had or got. Both are possible.
- In 2015, the council [___] the town hall renovated.
- My grandparents [___] their old radio repaired.
- Before the festival, the city [___] new street lights installed.
- After the storm, we [___] the roof fixed.
- The museum director [___] a new exhibition designed.
Choose the accurate form
Check the meaning
Check the reporting form
Check two-object passives
Select the best form
- The monument [___] during the protest.
- The campaign [___] by many local residents.
- The workers [___] after the factory reform.
- New buses [___] to improve public transport.
Final check
Answer aloud. Name the pattern after each answer.
- Complete the sentence: “Before the anniversary, the council … the damaged statue repaired.”
- Choose the best ending:
“The protest is believed … the law.”
- to have changed
- that it changed
- changed
- Choose the better sentence:
- “The school was given new computers.”
- “New computers were given the school.”
- Correct the sentence:
“I had repaired my bicycle at the shop.”
- Start the sentence with one word:
“... is reported that the new railway has reduced travel time.”
